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（2007年8月30日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十九次會議通過　2007年8月30日中華人民共和國主席令第六十九號公布　自2007年11月1日起施行）

 

 

第一章　總則

第二章　預防與應急準備

第三章　監(jiān)測與預警

第四章　應急處置與救援

第五章　事后恢復與重建

第六章　法律責任

第七章　附則 

 

第一章　總則

　　第一條　為了預防和減少突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生，控制、減輕和消除突發(fā)事件引起的嚴重社會危害，規(guī)范突發(fā)事件應對活動，保護人民生命財產(chǎn)安全，維護國家安全、公共安全、環(huán)境安全和社會秩序，制定本法。

　　第二條　突發(fā)事件的預防與應急準備、監(jiān)測與預警、應急處置與救援、事后恢復與重建等應對活動，適用本法。

　　第三條　本法所稱突發(fā)事件，是指突然發(fā)生，造成或者可能造成嚴重社會危害，需要采取應急處置措施予以應對的自然災害、事故災難、公共衛(wèi)生事件和社會安全事件。

　　按照社會危害程度、影響范圍等因素，自然災害、事故災難、公共衛(wèi)生事件分為特別重大、重大、較大和一般四級。法律、行政法規(guī)或者國務院另有規(guī)定的，從其規(guī)定。

　　突發(fā)事件的分級標準由國務院或者國務院確定的部門制定。

　　第四條　國家建立統(tǒng)一領導、綜合協(xié)調、分類管理、分級負責、屬地管理為主的應急管理體制。

　　第五條　突發(fā)事件應對工作實行預防為主、預防與應急相結合的原則。國家建立重大突發(fā)事件風險評估體系，對可能發(fā)生的突發(fā)事件進行綜合性評估，減少重大突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生，最大限度地減輕重大突發(fā)事件的影響。

　　第六條　國家建立有效的社會動員機制，增強全民的公共安全和防范風險的意識，提高全社會的避險救助能力。

　　第七條　縣級人民政府對本行政區(qū)域內突發(fā)事件的應對工作負責；涉及兩個以上行政區(qū)域的，由有關行政區(qū)域共同的上一級人民政府負責，或者由各有關行政區(qū)域的上一級人民政府共同負責。

　　突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后，發(fā)生地縣級人民政府應當立即采取措施控制事態(tài)發(fā)展，組織開展應急救援和處置工作，并立即向上一級人民政府報告，必要時可以越級上報。

　　突發(fā)事件發(fā)生地縣級人民政府不能消除或者不能有效控制突發(fā)事件引起的嚴重社會危害的，應當及時向上級人民政府報告。上級人民政府應當及時采取措施，統(tǒng)一領導應急處置工作。

　　法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定由國務院有關部門對突發(fā)事件的應對工作負責的，從其規(guī)定；地方人民政府應當積極配合并提供必要的支持。

　　第八條　國務院在總理領導下研究、決定和部署特別重大突發(fā)事件的應對工作；根據(jù)實際需要，設立國家突發(fā)事件應急指揮機構，負責突發(fā)事件應對工作；必要時，國務院可以派出工作組指導有關工作。

　　縣級以上地方各級人民政府設立由本級人民政府主要負責人、相關部門負責人、駐當?shù)刂袊嗣窠夥跑姾椭袊嗣裎溲b警察部隊有關負責人組成的突發(fā)事件應急指揮機構，統(tǒng)一領導、協(xié)調本級人民政府各有關部門和下級人民政府開展突發(fā)事件應對工作；根據(jù)實際需要，設立相關類別突發(fā)事件應急指揮機構，組織、協(xié)調、指揮突發(fā)事件應對工作。

　　上級人民政府主管部門應當在各自職責范圍內，指導、協(xié)助下級人民政府及其相應部門做好有關突發(fā)事件的應對工作。

　　第九條　國務院和縣級以上地方各級人民政府是突發(fā)事件應對工作的行政領導機關，其辦事機構及具體職責由國務院規(guī)定。

　　第十條　有關人民政府及其部門作出的應對突發(fā)事件的決定、命令，應當及時公布。

　　第十一條　有關人民政府及其部門采取的應對突發(fā)事件的措施，應當與突發(fā)事件可能造成的社會危害的性質、程度和范圍相適應；有多種措施可供選擇的，應當選擇有利于最大程度地保護公民、法人和其他組織權益的措施。

　　公民、法人和其他組織有義務參與突發(fā)事件應對工作。

　　第十二條　有關人民政府及其部門為應對突發(fā)事件，可以征用單位和個人的財產(chǎn)。被征用的財產(chǎn)在使用完畢或者突發(fā)事件應急處置工作結束后，應當及時返還。財產(chǎn)被征用或者征用后毀損、滅失的，應當給予補償。

　　第十三條　因采取突發(fā)事件應對措施，訴訟、行政復議、仲裁活動不能正常進行的，適用有關時效中止和程序中止的規(guī)定，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

　　第十四條　中國人民解放軍、中國人民武裝警察部隊和民兵組織依照本法和其他有關法律、行政法規(guī)、軍事法規(guī)的規(guī)定以及國務院、中央軍事委員會的命令，參加突發(fā)事件的應急救援和處置工作。

　　第十五條　中華人民共和國政府在突發(fā)事件的預防、監(jiān)測與預警、應急處置與救援、事后恢復與重建等方面，同外國政府和有關國際組織開展合作與交流。

　　第十六條　縣級以上人民政府作出應對突發(fā)事件的決定、命令，應當報本級人民代表大會常務委員會備案；突發(fā)事件應急處置工作結束后，應當向本級人民代表大會常務委員會作出專項工作報告。

第二章　預防與應急準備

　　第十七條　國家建立健全突發(fā)事件應急預案體系。

　　國務院制定國家突發(fā)事件總體應急預案，組織制定國家突發(fā)事件專項應急預案；國務院有關部門根據(jù)各自的職責和國務院相關應急預案，制定國家突發(fā)事件部門應急預案。

　　地方各級人民政府和縣級以上地方各級人民政府有關部門根據(jù)有關法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章、上級人民政府及其有關部門的應急預案以及本地區(qū)的實際情況，制定相應的突發(fā)事件應急預案。

　　應急預案制定機關應當根據(jù)實際需要和情勢變化，適時修訂應急預案。應急預案的制定、修訂程序由國務院規(guī)定。

　　第十八條　應急預案應當根據(jù)本法和其他有關法律、法規(guī)的規(guī)定，針對突發(fā)事件的性質、特點和可能造成的社會危害，具體規(guī)定突發(fā)事件應急管理工作的組織指揮體系與職責和突發(fā)事件的預防與預警機制、處置程序、應急保障措施以及事后恢復與重建措施等內容。

　　第十九條　城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃應當符合預防、處置突發(fā)事件的需要，統(tǒng)籌安排應對突發(fā)事件所必需的設備和基礎設施建設，合理確定應急避難場所。

　　第二十條　縣級人民政府應當對本行政區(qū)域內容易引發(fā)自然災害、事故災難和公共衛(wèi)生事件的危險源、危險區(qū)域進行調查、登記、風險評估，定期進行檢查、監(jiān)控，并責令有關單位采取安全防范措施。

　　省級和設區(qū)的市級人民政府應當對本行政區(qū)域內容易引發(fā)特別重大、重大突發(fā)事件的危險源、危險區(qū)域進行調查、登記、風險評估，組織進行檢查、監(jiān)控，并責令有關單位采取安全防范措施。

　　縣級以上地方各級人民政府按照本法規(guī)定登記的危險源、危險區(qū)域，應當按照國家規(guī)定及時向社會公布。

　　第二十一條　縣級人民政府及其有關部門、鄉(xiāng)級人民政府、街道辦事處、居民委員會、村民委員會應當及時調解處理可能引發(fā)社會安全事件的矛盾糾紛。

　　第二十二條　所有單位應當建立健全安全管理制度，定期檢查本單位各項安全防范措施的落實情況，及時消除事故隱患；掌握并及時處理本單位存在的可能引發(fā)社會安全事件的問題，防止矛盾激化和事態(tài)擴大；對本單位可能發(fā)生的突發(fā)事件和采取安全防范措施的情況，應當按照規(guī)定及時向所在地人民政府或者人民政府有關部門報告。

　　第二十三條　礦山、建筑施工單位和易燃易爆物品、危險化學品、放射性物品等危險物品的生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營、儲運、使用單位，應當制定具體應急預案，并對生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營場所、有危險物品的建筑物、構筑物及周邊環(huán)境開展隱患排查，及時采取措施消除隱患，防止發(fā)生突發(fā)事件。

　　第二十四條　公共交通工具、公共場所和其他人員密集場所的經(jīng)營單位或者管理單位應當制定具體應急預案，為交通工具和有關場所配備報警裝置和必要的應急救援設備、設施，注明其使用方法，并顯著標明安全撤離的通道、路線，保證安全通道、出口的暢通。

　　有關單位應當定期檢測、維護其報警裝置和應急救援設備、設施，使其處于良好狀態(tài)，確保正常使用。

　　第二十五條　縣級以上人民政府應當建立健全突發(fā)事件應急管理培訓制度，對人民政府及其有關部門負有處置突發(fā)事件職責的工作人員定期進行培訓。

　　第二十六條　縣級以上人民政府應當整合應急資源，建立或者確定綜合性應急救援隊伍。人民政府有關部門可以根據(jù)實際需要設立專業(yè)應急救援隊伍。

　　縣級以上人民政府及其有關部門可以建立由成年志愿者組成的應急救援隊伍。單位應當建立由本單位職工組成的專職或者兼職應急救援隊伍。

　　縣級以上人民政府應當加強專業(yè)應急救援隊伍與非專業(yè)應急救援隊伍的合作，聯(lián)合培訓、聯(lián)合演練，提高合成應急、協(xié)同應急的能力。

　　第二十七條　國務院有關部門、縣級以上地方各級人民政府及其有關部門、有關單位應當為專業(yè)應急救援人員購買人身意外傷害保險，配備必要的防護裝備和器材，減少應急救援人員的人身風險。

　　第二十八條　中國人民解放軍、中國人民武裝警察部隊和民兵組織應當有計劃地組織開展應急救援的專門訓練。

　　第二十九條　縣級人民政府及其有關部門、鄉(xiāng)級人民政府、街道辦事處應當組織開展應急知識的宣傳普及活動和必要的應急演練。

　　居民委員會、村民委員會、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位應當根據(jù)所在地人民政府的要求，結合各自的實際情況，開展有關突發(fā)事件應急知識的宣傳普及活動和必要的應急演練。

　　新聞媒體應當無償開展突發(fā)事件預防與應急、自救與互救知識的公益宣傳。

　　第三十條　各級各類學校應當把應急知識教育納入教學內容，對學生進行應急知識教育，培養(yǎng)學生的安全意識和自救與互救能力。

　　教育主管部門應當對學校開展應急知識教育進行指導和監(jiān)督。

　　第三十一條　國務院和縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當采取財政措施，保障突發(fā)事件應對工作所需經(jīng)費。

　　第三十二條　國家建立健全應急物資儲備保障制度，完善重要應急物資的監(jiān)管、生產(chǎn)、儲備、調撥和緊急配送體系。

　　設區(qū)的市級以上人民政府和突發(fā)事件易發(fā)、多發(fā)地區(qū)的縣級人民政府應當建立應急救援物資、生活必需品和應急處置裝備的儲備制度。

　　縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當根據(jù)本地區(qū)的實際情況，與有關企業(yè)簽訂協(xié)議，保障應急救援物資、生活必需品和應急處置裝備的生產(chǎn)、供給。

　　第三十三條　國家建立健全應急通信保障體系，完善公用通信網(wǎng)，建立有線與無線相結合、基礎電信網(wǎng)絡與機動通信系統(tǒng)相配套的應急通信系統(tǒng)，確保突發(fā)事件應對工作的通信暢通。

　　第三十四條　國家鼓勵公民、法人和其他組織為人民政府應對突發(fā)事件工作提供物資、資金、技術支持和捐贈。

　　第三十五條　國家發(fā)展保險事業(yè)，建立國家財政支持的巨災風險保險體系，并鼓勵單位和公民參加保險。

　　第三十六條　國家鼓勵、扶持具備相應條　件的教學科研機構培養(yǎng)應急管理專門人才，鼓勵、扶持教學科研機構和有關企業(yè)研究開發(fā)用于突發(fā)事件預防、監(jiān)測、預警、應急處置與救援的新技術、新設備和新工具。

第三章　監(jiān)測與預警

　　第三十七條　國務院建立全國統(tǒng)一的突發(fā)事件信息系統(tǒng)。

　　縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當建立或者確定本地區(qū)統(tǒng)一的突發(fā)事件信息系統(tǒng)，匯集、儲存、分析、傳輸有關突發(fā)事件的信息，并與上級人民政府及其有關部門、下級人民政府及其有關部門、專業(yè)機構和監(jiān)測網(wǎng)點的突發(fā)事件信息系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通，加強跨部門、跨地區(qū)的信息交流與情報合作。

　　第三十八條　縣級以上人民政府及其有關部門、專業(yè)機構應當通過多種途徑收集突發(fā)事件信息。

　　縣級人民政府應當在居民委員會、村民委員會和有關單位建立專職或者兼職信息報告員制度。

　　獲悉突發(fā)事件信息的公民、法人或者其他組織，應當立即向所在地人民政府、有關主管部門或者指定的專業(yè)機構報告。

　　第三十九條　地方各級人民政府應當按照國家有關規(guī)定向上級人民政府報送突發(fā)事件信息?？h級以上人民政府有關主管部門應當向本級人民政府相關部門通報突發(fā)事件信息。專業(yè)機構、監(jiān)測網(wǎng)點和信息報告員應當及時向所在地人民政府及其有關主管部門報告突發(fā)事件信息。

　　有關單位和人員報送、報告突發(fā)事件信息，應當做到及時、客觀、真實，不得遲報、謊報、瞞報、漏報。

　　第四十條　縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當及時匯總分析突發(fā)事件隱患和預警信息，必要時組織相關部門、專業(yè)技術人員、專家學者進行會商，對發(fā)生突發(fā)事件的可能性及其可能造成的影響進行評估；認為可能發(fā)生重大或者特別重大突發(fā)事件的，應當立即向上級人民政府報告，并向上級人民政府有關部門、當?shù)伛v軍和可能受到危害的毗鄰或者相關地區(qū)的人民政府通報。

　　第四十一條　國家建立健全突發(fā)事件監(jiān)測制度。

　　縣級以上人民政府及其有關部門應當根據(jù)自然災害、事故災難和公共衛(wèi)生事件的種類和特點，建立健全基礎信息數(shù)據(jù)庫，完善監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡，劃分監(jiān)測區(qū)域，確定監(jiān)測點，明確監(jiān)測項目，提供必要的設備、設施，配備專職或者兼職人員，對可能發(fā)生的突發(fā)事件進行監(jiān)測。

　　第四十二條　國家建立健全突發(fā)事件預警制度。

　　可以預警的自然災害、事故災難和公共衛(wèi)生事件的預警級別，按照突發(fā)事件發(fā)生的緊急程度、發(fā)展勢態(tài)和可能造成的危害程度分為一級、二級、三級和四級，分別用紅色、橙色、黃色和藍色標示，一級為最高級別。

　　預警級別的劃分標準由國務院或者國務院確定的部門制定。

　　第四十三條　可以預警的自然災害、事故災難或者公共衛(wèi)生事件即將發(fā)生或者發(fā)生的可能性增大時，縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當根據(jù)有關法律、行政法規(guī)和國務院規(guī)定的權限和程序，發(fā)布相應級別的警報，決定并宣布有關地區(qū)進入預警期，同時向上一級人民政府報告，必要時可以越級上報，并向當?shù)伛v軍和可能受到危害的毗鄰或者相關地區(qū)的人民政府通報。

　　第四十四條　發(fā)布三級、四級警報，宣布進入預警期后，縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當根據(jù)即將發(fā)生的突發(fā)事件的特點和可能造成的危害，采取下列措施：

　?。ㄒ唬﹩討鳖A案；

　?。ǘ┴熈钣嘘P部門、專業(yè)機構、監(jiān)測網(wǎng)點和負有特定職責的人員及時收集、報告有關信息，向社會公布反映突發(fā)事件信息的渠道，加強對突發(fā)事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展情況的監(jiān)測、預報和預警工作；

　?。ㄈ┙M織有關部門和機構、專業(yè)技術人員、有關專家學者，隨時對突發(fā)事件信息進行分析評估，預測發(fā)生突發(fā)事件可能性的大小、影響范圍和強度以及可能發(fā)生的突發(fā)事件的級別；

　?。ㄋ模┒〞r向社會發(fā)布與公眾有關的突發(fā)事件預測信息和分析評估結果，并對相關信息的報道工作進行管理；

　　（五）及時按照有關規(guī)定向社會發(fā)布可能受到突發(fā)事件危害的警告，宣傳避免、減輕危害的常識，公布咨詢電話。

　　第四十五條　發(fā)布一級、二級警報，宣布進入預警期后，縣級以上地方各級人民政府除采取本法第四十四條規(guī)定的措施外，還應當針對即將發(fā)生的突發(fā)事件的特點和可能造成的危害，采取下列一項或者多項措施：

　　（一）責令應急救援隊伍、負有特定職責的人員進入待命狀態(tài)，并動員后備人員做好參加應急救援和處置工作的準備；

　?。ǘ┱{集應急救援所需物資、設備、工具，準備應急設施和避難場所，并確保其處于良好狀態(tài)、隨時可以投入正常使用；

　　（三）加強對重點單位、重要部位和重要基礎設施的安全保衛(wèi)，維護社會治安秩序；

　?。ㄋ模┎扇”匾胧?，確保交通、通信、供水、排水、供電、供氣、供熱等公共設施的安全和正常運行；

　　（五）及時向社會發(fā)布有關采取特定措施避免或者減輕危害的建議、勸告；

　?。┺D移、疏散或者撤離易受突發(fā)事件危害的人員并予以妥善安置，轉移重要財產(chǎn)；

　?。ㄆ撸╆P閉或者限制使用易受突發(fā)事件危害的場所，控制或者限制容易導致危害擴大的公共場所的活動；

　?。ò耍┓?、法規(guī)、規(guī)章規(guī)定的其他必要的防范性、保護性措施。

　　第四十六條　對即將發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)發(fā)生的社會安全事件，縣級以上地方各級人民政府及其有關主管部門應當按照規(guī)定向上一級人民政府及其有關主管部門報告，必要時可以越級上報。

　　第四十七條　發(fā)布突發(fā)事件警報的人民政府應當根據(jù)事態(tài)的發(fā)展，按照有關規(guī)定適時調整預警級別并重新發(fā)布。

　　有事實證明不可能發(fā)生突發(fā)事件或者危險已經(jīng)解除的，發(fā)布警報的人民政府應當立即宣布解除警報，終止預警期，并解除已經(jīng)采取的有關措施。

第四章　應急處置與救援

　　第四十八條　突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后，履行統(tǒng)一領導職責或者組織處置突發(fā)事件的人民政府應當針對其性質、特點和危害程度，立即組織有關部門，調動應急救援隊伍和社會力量，依照本章的規(guī)定和有關法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章的規(guī)定采取應急處置措施。

　　第四十九條　自然災害、事故災難或者公共衛(wèi)生事件發(fā)生后，履行統(tǒng)一領導職責的人民政府可以采取下列一項或者多項應急處置措施：

　?。ㄒ唬┙M織營救和救治受害人員，疏散、撤離并妥善安置受到威脅的人員以及采取其他救助措施；

　?。ǘ┭杆倏刂莆ｋU源，標明危險區(qū)域，封鎖危險場所，劃定警戒區(qū)，實行交通管制以及其他控制措施；

　?。ㄈ┝⒓磽屝薇粨p壞的交通、通信、供水、排水、供電、供氣、供熱等公共設施，向受到危害的人員提供避難場所和生活必需品，實施醫(yī)療救護和衛(wèi)生防疫以及其他保障措施；

　　（四）禁止或者限制使用有關設備、設施，關閉或者限制使用有關場所，中止人員密集的活動或者可能導致危害擴大的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動以及采取其他保護措施；

　?。ㄎ澹﹩⒂帽炯壢嗣裾O置的財政預備費和儲備的應急救援物資，必要時調用其他急需物資、設備、設施、工具；

　?。┙M織公民參加應急救援和處置工作，要求具有特定專長的人員提供服務；

　?。ㄆ撸┍Ｕ鲜称?、飲用水、燃料等基本生活必需品的供應；

　?。ò耍┮婪◤膰缿吞幎诜e居奇、哄抬物價、制假售假等擾亂市場秩序的行為，穩(wěn)定市場價格，維護市場秩序；

　　（九）依法從嚴懲處哄搶財物、干擾破壞應急處置工作等擾亂社會秩序的行為，維護社會治安；

　?。ㄊ┎扇》乐拱l(fā)生次生、衍生事件的必要措施。

　　第五十條　社會安全事件發(fā)生后，組織處置工作的人民政府應當立即組織有關部門并由公安機關針對事件的性質和特點，依照有關法律、行政法規(guī)和國家其他有關規(guī)定，采取下列一項或者多項應急處置措施：

　　（一）強制隔離使用器械相互對抗或者以暴力行為參與沖突的當事人，妥善解決現(xiàn)場糾紛和爭端，控制事態(tài)發(fā)展；

　　（二）對特定區(qū)域內的建筑物、交通工具、設備、設施以及燃料、燃氣、電力、水的供應進行控制；

　　（三）封鎖有關場所、道路，查驗現(xiàn)場人員的身份證件，限制有關公共場所內的活動；

　　（四）加強對易受沖擊的核心機關和單位的警衛(wèi)，在國家機關、軍事機關、國家通訊社、廣播電臺、電視臺、外國駐華使領館等單位附近設置臨時警戒線；

　?。ㄎ澹┓?、行政法規(guī)和國務院規(guī)定的其他必要措施。

　　嚴重危害社會治安秩序的事件發(fā)生時，公安機關應當立即依法出動警力，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場情況依法采取相應的強制性措施，盡快使社會秩序恢復正常。

　　第五十一條　發(fā)生突發(fā)事件，嚴重影響國民經(jīng)濟正常運行時，國務院或者國務院授權的有關主管部門可以采取保障、控制等必要的應急措施，保障人民群眾的基本生活需要，最大限度地減輕突發(fā)事件的影響。

　　第五十二條　履行統(tǒng)一領導職責或者組織處置突發(fā)事件的人民政府，必要時可以向單位和個人征用應急救援所需設備、設施、場地、交通工具和其他物資，請求其他地方人民政府提供人力、物力、財力或者技術支援，要求生產(chǎn)、供應生活必需品和應急救援物資的企業(yè)組織生產(chǎn)、保證供給，要求提供醫(yī)療、交通等公共服務的組織提供相應的服務。

　　履行統(tǒng)一領導職責或者組織處置突發(fā)事件的人民政府，應當組織協(xié)調運輸經(jīng)營單位，優(yōu)先運送處置突發(fā)事件所需物資、設備、工具、應急救援人員和受到突發(fā)事件危害的人員。

　　第五十三條　履行統(tǒng)一領導職責或者組織處置突發(fā)事件的人民政府，應當按照有關規(guī)定統(tǒng)一、準確、及時發(fā)布有關突發(fā)事件事態(tài)發(fā)展和應急處置工作的信息。

　　第五十四條　任何單位和個人不得編造、傳播有關突發(fā)事件事態(tài)發(fā)展或者應急處置工作的虛假信息。

　　第五十五條　突發(fā)事件發(fā)生地的居民委員會、村民委員會和其他組織應當按照當?shù)厝嗣裾臎Q定、命令，進行宣傳動員，組織群眾開展自救和互救，協(xié)助維護社會秩序。

　　第五十六條　受到自然災害危害或者發(fā)生事故災難、公共衛(wèi)生事件的單位，應當立即組織本單位應急救援隊伍和工作人員營救受害人員，疏散、撤離、安置受到威脅的人員，控制危險源，標明危險區(qū)域，封鎖危險場所，并采取其他防止危害擴大的必要措施，同時向所在地縣級人民政府報告；對因本單位的問題引發(fā)的或者主體是本單位人員的社會安全事件，有關單位應當按照規(guī)定上報情況，并迅速派出負責人趕赴現(xiàn)場開展勸解、疏導工作。

　　突發(fā)事件發(fā)生地的其他單位應當服從人民政府發(fā)布的決定、命令，配合人民政府采取的應急處置措施，做好本單位的應急救援工作，并積極組織人員參加所在地的應急救援和處置工作。

　　第五十七條　突發(fā)事件發(fā)生地的公民應當服從人民政府、居民委員會、村民委員會或者所屬單位的指揮和安排，配合人民政府采取的應急處置措施，積極參加應急救援工作，協(xié)助維護社會秩序。

第五章　事后恢復與重建

　　第五十八條　突發(fā)事件的威脅和危害得到控制或者消除后，履行統(tǒng)一領導職責或者組織處置突發(fā)事件的人民政府應當停止執(zhí)行依照本法規(guī)定采取的應急處置措施，同時采取或者繼續(xù)實施必要措施，防止發(fā)生自然災害、事故災難、公共衛(wèi)生事件的次生、衍生事件或者重新引發(fā)社會安全事件。

　　第五十九條　突發(fā)事件應急處置工作結束后，履行統(tǒng)一領導職責的人民政府應當立即組織對突發(fā)事件造成的損失進行評估，組織受影響地區(qū)盡快恢復生產(chǎn)、生活、工作和社會秩序，制定恢復重建計劃，并向上一級人民政府報告。

　　受突發(fā)事件影響地區(qū)的人民政府應當及時組織和協(xié)調公安、交通、鐵路、民航、郵電、建設等有關部門恢復社會治安秩序，盡快修復被損壞的交通、通信、供水、排水、供電、供氣、供熱等公共設施。

　　第六十條　受突發(fā)事件影響地區(qū)的人民政府開展恢復重建工作需要上一級人民政府支持的，可以向上一級人民政府提出請求。上一級人民政府應當根據(jù)受影響地區(qū)遭受的損失和實際情況，提供資金、物資支持和技術指導，組織其他地區(qū)提供資金、物資和人力支援。

　　第六十一條　國務院根據(jù)受突發(fā)事件影響地區(qū)遭受損失的情況，制定扶持該地區(qū)有關行業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)惠政策。

　　受突發(fā)事件影響地區(qū)的人民政府應當根據(jù)本地區(qū)遭受損失的情況，制定救助、補償、撫慰、撫恤、安置等善后工作計劃并組織實施，妥善解決因處置突發(fā)事件引發(fā)的矛盾和糾紛。

　　公民參加應急救援工作或者協(xié)助維護社會秩序期間，其在本單位的工資待遇和福利不變；表現(xiàn)突出、成績顯著的，由縣級以上人民政府給予表彰或者獎勵。

　　縣級以上人民政府對在應急救援工作中傷亡的人員依法給予撫恤。

　　第六十二條　履行統(tǒng)一領導職責的人民政府應當及時查明突發(fā)事件的發(fā)生經(jīng)過和原因，總結突發(fā)事件應急處置工作的經(jīng)驗教訓，制定改進措施，并向上一級人民政府提出報告。

第六章　法律責任

　　第六十三條　地方各級人民政府和縣級以上各級人民政府有關部門違反本法規(guī)定，不履行法定職責的，由其上級行政機關或者監(jiān)察機關責令改正；有下列情形之一的，根據(jù)情節(jié)對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分：

　　（一）未按規(guī)定采取預防措施，導致發(fā)生突發(fā)事件，或者未采取必要的防范措施，導致發(fā)生次生、衍生事件的；

　　（二）遲報、謊報、瞞報、漏報有關突發(fā)事件的信息，或者通報、報送、公布虛假信息，造成后果的；

　　（三）未按規(guī)定及時發(fā)布突發(fā)事件警報、采取預警期的措施，導致?lián)p害發(fā)生的；

　?。ㄋ模┪窗匆?guī)定及時采取措施處置突發(fā)事件或者處置不當，造成后果的；

　?。ㄎ澹┎环纳霞壢嗣裾畬ν话l(fā)事件應急處置工作的統(tǒng)一領導、指揮和協(xié)調的；

　　（六）未及時組織開展生產(chǎn)自救、恢復重建等善后工作的；

　?。ㄆ撸┙亓?、挪用、私分或者變相私分應急救援資金、物資的；

　?。ò耍┎患皶r歸還征用的單位和個人的財產(chǎn)，或者對被征用財產(chǎn)的單位和個人不按規(guī)定給予補償?shù)摹?/span>

　　第六十四條　有關單位有下列情形之一的，由所在地履行統(tǒng)一領導職責的人民政府責令停產(chǎn)停業(yè)，暫扣或者吊銷許可證或者營業(yè)執(zhí)照，并處五萬元以上二十萬元以下的罰款；構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予處罰：

　　（一）未按規(guī)定采取預防措施，導致發(fā)生嚴重突發(fā)事件的；

　?。ǘ┪醇皶r消除已發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能引發(fā)突發(fā)事件的隱患，導致發(fā)生嚴重突發(fā)事件的；

　?。ㄈ┪醋龊脩痹O備、設施日常維護、檢測工作，導致發(fā)生嚴重突發(fā)事件或者突發(fā)事件危害擴大的；

　?。ㄋ模┩话l(fā)事件發(fā)生后，不及時組織開展應急救援工作，造成嚴重后果的。

　　前款規(guī)定的行為，其他法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定由人民政府有關部門依法決定處罰的，從其規(guī)定。

　　第六十五條　違反本法規(guī)定，編造并傳播有關突發(fā)事件事態(tài)發(fā)展或者應急處置工作的虛假信息，或者明知是有關突發(fā)事件事態(tài)發(fā)展或者應急處置工作的虛假信息而進行傳播的，責令改正，給予警告；造成嚴重后果的，依法暫停其業(yè)務活動或者吊銷其執(zhí)業(yè)許可證；負有直接責任的人員是國家工作人員的，還應當對其依法給予處分；構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予處罰。

　　第六十六條　單位或者個人違反本法規(guī)定，不服從所在地人民政府及其有關部門發(fā)布的決定、命令或者不配合其依法采取的措施，構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予處罰。

　　第六十七條　單位或者個人違反本法規(guī)定，導致突發(fā)事件發(fā)生或者危害擴大，給他人人身、財產(chǎn)造成損害的，應當依法承擔民事責任。

　　第六十八條　違反本法規(guī)定，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

第七章　附則

　　第六十九條　發(fā)生特別重大突發(fā)事件，對人民生命財產(chǎn)安全、國家安全、公共安全、環(huán)境安全或者社會秩序構成重大威脅，采取本法和其他有關法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章規(guī)定的應急處置措施不能消除或者有效控制、減輕其嚴重社會危害，需要進入緊急狀態(tài)的，由全國人民代表大會常務委員會或者國務院依照憲法和其他有關法律規(guī)定的權限和程序決定。

　　緊急狀態(tài)期間采取的非常措施，依照有關法律規(guī)定執(zhí)行或者由全國人民代表大會常務委員會另行規(guī)定。

　　第七十條　本法自2007年11月1日起施行。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

附件：

中華人民共和國突發(fā)事件應對法 Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China 

 

 

頒布日期：20070830 　實施日期：20071101 　頒布單位：全國人大常委會  

 

　　Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China

　　No. 69

　　The Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China, adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on August 30, 2007, is hereby promulgated and shall go into effect as of November 1, 2007.

　　Hu Jintao

　　President of the People’s Republic of China

　　August 30, 2007

　　Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　(Adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress on August 30, 2007)

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Prevention of, and Preparation for Response to, Emergencies

　　Chapter III Monitoring and Early Warning

　　Chapter IV Emergency Handling, and Rescue and Relief

　　Chapter V Post-Emergency Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of preventing and reducing the occurrence of emergencies, controlling, mitigating and eliminating the serious social harm caused by emergencies, regulating the activities in response to emergencies, protecting the lives and property of the people, and maintaining national security, public security, environmental safety and public order.

　　Article 2 This Law is applicable to prevention of and preparation for response to emergencies, monitoring and early warning, emergency handling, rescue and relief, and post-emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction, and other activities in response to emergencies.

　　Article 3 For the purposes of this Law, emergencies include natural disasters, calamitous accidents, public health accidents and public security incidents, which occur abruptly and cause or may potentially cause serious social harm and for which measures for handling emergencies need to be adopted.

　　According to the degree of social harm done and the extent of repercussions and other factors, calamitous accidents and public health accidents are classified in four grades: especially serious, serious, relatively serious and common. Where laws, administrative regulations or regulations of the State Council provide otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.

　　The standards for classifying the grades of emergencies shall be formulated by the State Council or the department designated by the State Council.

　　Article 4 The State establishes a system for administration of emergency response, which is characterized by unified leadership, all-round coordination, control according to grades, responsibility at different levels and, chiefly, territorial jurisdiction.

　　Article 5 The principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with emergency response shall be adhered to in coping with emergencies. The State establishes a risk assessment system for serious emergencies, in order to make comprehensive assessment of potential emergencies, reduce the chance of their occurrence and mitigate their repercussions to the maximum extent.

　　Article 6 The State establishes an effective social mobilization mechanism, enhances all citizens’ awareness of the importance of public security and risk prevention, and helps increase the ability of the entire society to avoid risks and give assistance.

　　Article 7 The people’s governments at the county level shall be responsible for responding to emergencies which occur within their own administrative areas; where two or more administrative areas are involved in an emergency, the people’s government at the next higher level, which the people’s governments of the said administrative areas are subordinate to, shall assume responsibility, or the people’s governments at the next higher level of the respective people’s governments of the said administrative areas shall jointly assume responsibility.

　　After an emergency occurs, the people’s government at the county level at the place where the emergency occurs shall, take immediate measures to keep the development of the situation under control, organize efforts for emergency rescue, relief and handling and, without delay, report the matter to the people’s government at the next higher level or, when necessary, do so by bypassing the people’s government at the next higher level.

　　Where the people’s government at the county level at the place where an emergency occurs is unable to eliminate or keep under effective control the serious social harm caused by the emergency, it shall, in a timely manner, report the matter to the people’s government at a higher level, which shall take timely measures and exercise unified leadership in handling the emergency.

　　Where laws or administrative regulations provide that the relevant department of the State Council should take charge of responding to an emergency, such provisions shall prevail; and the local people’s governments shall cooperate in a proactive way and provide the necessary support. Article 8 The State Council shall, under the leadership of the Premier, study, decide on, and make deployment for, response to especially serious emergencies; it shall, in light of actual need, establish a national command for emergency response, which shall be responsible for work in this respect; and when necessary, it may send a work team to guide the relevant work.

　　Every local people’s government at or above the county level shall establish a command for emergency response, which is composed of the principal leading persons of the said government, the leading persons of the departments concerned and the relevant leading persons of the units of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and of the People’s Armed Police Force stationed there, to exercise unified leadership and coordinate the efforts of the relevant departments of the said people’s government and the people’s governments at lower levels in responding to emergencies; and it shall, in light of actual need, establish commands commensurate with the specific grades of emergencies, which shall organize, coordinate and direct the work in this respect.

　　The competent departments of the people’s government at a higher level shall, within the limits of their respective duties, give guidance and assistance to the people’s governments at lower levels and their relevant departments in making a success of the response to emergencies.

　　Article 9 The State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be the leading administrative organs for response to emergencies, and their working bodies and specific duties of such bodies shall be defined by the State Council.

　　Article 10 The decisions made and orders issued by the relevant people’s government and its departments in response to emergencies shall be made known to the public in a timely manner.

　　Article 11 The measures taken by the relevant people’s government and its departments in response to an emergency shall be commensurate with the nature, seriousness and extent of the social harm that may be caused by the emergency; and where there are more than one options available for choice, the one that is advantageous to protection of the rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations to the maximum extent shall be chosen.

　　Citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall be obligated to participate in responding to emergencies.

　　Article 12 To respond to an emergency, the relevant people’s government and its departments may expropriate the property of units and individuals. After the use of the expropriated property or completion of the handling of the emergency, the property shall be returned to the owner in a timely manner. Where property is expropriated or the expropriated property is damaged or lost, compensation shall be made therefor.

　　Article 13 Where litigation, administrative reconsideration or arbitration cannot be conducted normally because of the adoption of emergency response measures, the provisions on suspension of limitation period or of proceedings shall apply, unless otherwise provided for by law.

　　Article 14 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia shall participate in emergency rescue, relief and handling in accordance with the provisions of this Law and of the relevant laws, administrative regulations and military regulations, as well as the orders issued by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

　　Article 15 The Government of the People’s Republic of China shall carry out cooperation and exchange with the governments of other countries and the international organizations concerned in matters of emergency prevention, monitoring, early warning, emergency handling, rescue and relief, and post-emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction.

　　Article 16 The decisions made and orders issued by the people’s government at or above the county level in response to an emergency shall be submitted for the record to the standing committee of the people’s congress at the corresponding level; and after handling of the emergency is completed, the said government shall make a special report on the work to the said standing committee.

　　Chapter II Prevention of, and Preparation for Response to, Emergencies

　　Article 17 The State establishes a sound precautionary system for emergency response.

　　The State Council shall be responsible for making the overall precautionary plans in response to national emergencies and organizing the making of special precaution plans in response to specific national emergencies; and the relevant departments of the State Council shall, in compliance with their respective duties and the relevant precautionary plans made by the State Council, be responsible for making their departmental precautionary plans in response to national emergencies.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations, rules, and the precautionary plans in response to emergencies made by the people’s governments at higher levels and their relevant departments and in light of the actual local conditions, make appropriate precautionary plans in response to emergencies.

　　The authority making precautionary plans in response to emergencies shall make timely modification of the same according to actual needs and changes in the situation. The procedures for making and modifying precautionary plans in response to emergencies shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 18 In a precautionary plan in response to an emergency shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the relevant laws and regulations and in light of the nature and characteristics of the emergency and the potential social harm it may caused, be specified the organizational setup of command in response to the emergency and the duties of administration, the mechanism for prevention and early warning, the procedure for emergency handling, the guarantee measures for emergency response, the measures for post-emergency rehabilitation and reconstruction, etc.

　　Article 19 Urban or rural planning shall meet the need for prevention and handling of an emergency, overall arrangement shall be made for the equipment and infrastructure necessitated for emergency response, and the sites of shelters for emergency shall be rationally located.

　　Article 20 The people’s government at the county level shall, within its administrative area, check and register the sources of danger, which are liable to give rise to natural disasters, calamitous accidents and public health accidents, and the dangerous areas, assess the risks, regularly inspect and monitor such sources and areas, and order the units concerned to take safety and prevention measures.

　　The people’s government of a province or of a city divided into districts shall, within its administrative area, check and register the sources of danger, which are liable to give rise to especially serious or serious emergencies, and the dangerous areas, and assess the risks, organize inspection and monitoring of such sources and areas, and order the units concerned to take safety and prevention measures.

　　The sources of danger and the dangerous areas registered according to the provisions of this Law by the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with State regulations, be made known to the public in a timely manner.

　　Article 21 The people’s governments at the county level and their relevant departments, the people’s governments at the township level, the neighbourhood offices, the residents’ committees and the villagers’ committees shall, in a timely manner, mediate and handle the conflicts and disputes which may cause incidents endangering public security.

　　Article 22 Every unit shall establish a sound safety control system, regularly inspect the implementation of all its safety and prevention measures, and eliminate the hidden dangers in a timely manner; it shall grasp the problems existing in the unit which may cause incidents endangering public security and deal with them in a timely manner, in order to prevent the conflicts from intensifying and the situation from going out of control; and it shall report, in a timely manner and as required, the emergency which may occur in the unit and the safety and prevention measures taken therefor to the people’s government or its relevant department at the place where the unit is located. Article 23 Mines, construction units, and the units manufacturing, distributing, storing, transporting or using such hazardous articles as inflammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals and radioactive substances shall make precautionary plans in response to specific emergencies, conduct screening inspection of the production and business premises and the buildings and structures where hazardous articles are placed and the peripheries, to see if there are hidden dangers, and take timely measures to eliminate them, if any, in order to prevent the occurrence of emergencies.

 

　　Article 24 The units that operate or manage public means of transportation, public places or other places with a high concentration of people shall make precautionary plans in response to specific emergencies, install alarm devices and the necessary emergency rescue and relief equipment and facilities on the means of transportation and in the relevant places, clearly indicate their usage, mark the passages and routes for safe evacuation, and ensure that the safety passages and exits are unblocked.

　　The relevant units shall have the alarm devices and the emergency rescue and relief equipment and facilities regularly checked and maintained, in order that they are kept in good repair and ready for normal use.

　　Article 25 People’s governments at or above the county level shall establish a sound training system for control of emergencies and provide regular training to the staff members of the people’s governments and of their relevant departments who are charged with the duty to handle emergencies.

　　Article 26 People’s governments at or above the county level shall mobilize their resources for emergency response, and organize or designate teams for all-round emergency rescue and relief. The relevant departments of the people’s governments may, in light of actual need, organize professional teams for emergency rescue and relief.

　　People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments may organize emergency rescue teams which are composed of adult volunteers. Each unit shall organize a full-time or part-time team for emergency rescue, which is composed of the staff members of the unit.

　　People’s governments at or above the county level shall help strengthen cooperation between professional and non-professional teams for emergency rescue, by conducting joint trainings and drills, in order to increase their ability of combined and coordinated response to emergencies.

　　Article 27 The relevant departments of the State Council, and of the local people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments, and the units concerned shall purchase life and accident insurance for professional emergency rescuers, and provide them with the necessary protective gears and instruments to reduce the personal risks of the emergency rescuers.

　　Article 28 The Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and the militia shall, in a planned way, organize and conduct special training for emergency rescue.

　　Article 29 People’s governments at the county level and their relevant departments, people’s governments at the township level, and the neighbourhood offices shall organize and conduct dissemination of the knowledge on emergency response and the necessary emergency response drills.

　　The residents’ committees, villagers’ committees, enterprises and institutions shall, in compliance with the requirements of the people’ government at the place where they are located and in light of their respective actual conditions, conduct dissemination of the knowledge on emergency response and the necessary emergency response drills.

　　The news media shall, for the public good, disseminate gratis the knowledge on prevention of and response to emergencies, and on self-rescue and mutual rescue.

　　Article 30 Different types of schools at various levels shall include the knowledge on emergency response in their teaching curriculums, and educate students in the said knowledge, in order to help them foster their awareness of the importance of safety and acquire the ability of self-rescue and mutual rescue.

　　The departments in charge of education shall give guidance to and supervise the schools in their efforts to spread knowledge on emergency response among the students.

　　Article 31 The State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall take fiscal measures to guarantee provision of the funds needed for emergency response.

　　Article 32 The State establishes a sound guarantee system for material reserves for emergency response, and improve the system of control, production, reservation, allocation and urgent distribution of the important materials for emergency response.

　　People’s governments at or above the level of a city divided into districts, and people’s governments at the county level where emergencies are liable to occur or occur frequently, shall establish a system for reservation of materials for emergency rescue, of the daily necessities and of the gears for emergency handling.

　　Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in light of their actual local conditions, sign agreements with the enterprises concerned to ensure the production and supply of the materials for emergency rescue, of daily necessities and of the gears for emergency handling.

　　Article 33 The State establishes a sound guarantee system for emergency communications, improve the public communications network, build an emergency communications system whereby wired and wireless communications are combined and the basic telecommunications network is integrated with the mobile communications system, in order to ensure unblocked communications for emergency response.

　　Article 34 The State encourages citizens, legal persons and other organizations to provide materials, funds and technical support and make donations to the people’s governments for the work on response to emergencies.

　　Article 35 The State develops the insurance industry, establishes a risk insurance system for huge disasters, which is financed by the government, and encourages units and citizens to purchase insurance.

　　Article 36 The State encourages and supports the teaching and scientific research institutions which meet the appropriate conditions to train people to become professionals in administration of emergency response, and encourages and supports such institutions and the enterprises concerned to research and develop new technologies, equipment and instruments for prevention, monitoring and early warning of emergencies and for emergency handling and rescue.

　　Chapter III Monitoring and Early Warning

　　Article 37 The State Council shall establish a unified national information system for emergencies.

　　Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall establish or designate unified local information systems for emergencies, to collect, store, analyze and transmit information on emergencies, and to have their systems interconnected with the emergency information systems of the people’s governments at higher levels and their relevant departments, the people’s governments at lower levels and their relevant departments, the specialized institutions and the emergency monitoring networks, in order to strengthen inter-departmental and inter-regional exchange of information and intelligence cooperation.

　　Article 38 People’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments and the specialized institutions shall collect information on emergencies through a variety of channels.

　　The people’s governments at the county level shall establish a full-time or part-time information reporter system in the resident&r